In Minecraft as in other games, there are monsters and animals controlled by the pc, whom are usually called as Mob . Those Mobs lives in quite all the area of the game, but them also live only in certain zones, so for example you can enounter a pig in a forest, but it's quite hard finding one in a desert , for example.
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• The Mobs are usually divided into 3 categories regarding their behavior with the players . Usually them are divided into:

1. Passive
2. Neutral
3. Hostile

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Those are the most useful Mobs , since them drops all the main crafting materials and give some Exp too. Them do not attack the players.
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Life: 6 Points
Experience: No
Drop: Nothing
Spawn: Usually on dungeons at 63 level under the ground, with 6 or less light power.
Extra: Bats can recognize even invisible players (potion)
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Life: 4 Points
Experience: 1-3 Points
Drop: 0-2 Feathers, 1 Raw Chicken , 1 Egg
Spawn: On the grass 2x1x1, or 1/8 from Egg
Extra: Chickens before the implemention of the hunger, were dropping only feathers
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Life: 10 Points
Experience: 1-3 Points
Drop: 0-2 Leather, 1-3 Raw Beef , Milk if you click on it with a Bucket
Spawn: On a solid block 1x1x2
Extra: Cows can jump one block but cannot fall from two blocks
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Life: 10 Points
Experience: 1-3 Points
Drop: 0-2 Leather , 1-3 Raw Beef , Milk if you click on it with a Bucket , Mushroom Stew with a Bowl , 0-5 Mushroom with Shears
Spawn: Only on Mushroom Island
Extra: If a mushroom get coupled with another one and get sheared, it can get coupled again.
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Life: 10 Points
Experience: 1-3 Points
Drop: Nothing
Spawn: Jungle, 63 or more ground level
Extra: Can eat Puffer Fish without getting poisoned
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Life: 10 Points
Experience: 1-3 Points
Drop: 1 Raw Porkchop
Spawn: In a space 1x2
Extra: If you mount a Pig on a MineKart, the Minekart will go faster
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Life: 8 Points
Experience: 1-3 Points
Drop: If killed 1 Wool , if sheared 1-3
Spawn: In a space 1x2
Extra: Them can eat the grass even trough the snow or glass
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Life: 10
Experience: 1-3
Drop: 1-3 Ink Sac
Spawn: Under the water at 46-62 level with any light power
Extra: When loaded the world, all the Squids has the tentacles to West
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Life: 20 Points
Experience: Nothing
Drop: Nothing/ Trade
Spawn: Village
Extra: In origin there were the Pigman living in Villages
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The Neutral Mobs are those mobs that attack the player if them got attacked by that one. Those also have some of the most powerful mobs of the game.
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Life: 40 Points
Attack: Easy 4, Normal 7, Hard 10
Experience: 5 Points
Drop: 0-1 Ender Pearl
Spawn: Everywhere, except Nether, with 7 or less of light power
Extra: In the beta 1.8 the Enderman was able to pick up the Bedrock
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Life: 8 Points
Attack: 2 Points
Experience: 1-3 Points
Drop: Nothing
Spawn: Grass in the Forest or Taiga
Extra: Them are able to find you even if you are invisible
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Life: 20 Points+ 2 Armor
Attack: Easy 5, Normal 9, Hard 13
Experience: 5 Points
Drop: 0-1 Rotten Flesh , 0-1 Gold Nugget / rare: 0-1 Gold Ingot , Golden Sword and various armor [ may be enchanted ]
Spawn: Space 1x1x2 in Nether, or when a thunderbolt hit a pig within a space of 4 blocks
Extra: If a Pigman Zombie stay near you without attacking, you can go sleeping.
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Those are the Mobs that will try to attack you on sight.
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Life: 20 Points
Attack: Fireball = Easy 3, Normal 5, Hard 7/ hand-to-hand = Easy 4, Normal 6, Hard 9
Experience: 10 Points
Drop: 0-1 Blaze Rod
Spawn: From spawner of Nether Fortress
Extra: If blocked in a web, he cannot attack
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Life: 12 Points
Attack: Easy 2, Normal 2+Poison, Hard 3+Poison/ Poison: Normal 7 sec, Hard 15 sec
Experience: 5 Points
Drop: 0-1 Cob Web , 0-1 Spider Eye
Spawn: Abandoned Mine Shaft
Extra: Them have the same shadow as the normal Spiders
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Life: 20 Points
Attack: 49, 97 if hit by a thunderbolt
Experience: 5 Points
Drop: 0-2 Gunpowder , Music Disc if killed by a Skeleton
Spawn: Solid block with 7 or less light power
Extra: The only mob that the dog will not attack
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Life: 10 Points
Attack: 17 highest damage
Experience: 5 Points
Drop: 0-2 Gunpowder , 0-1 Ghast Tear
Spawn: Nether
Extra: It is one of the few mobs that don't have fall damages
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Life: Great 16, Medium 4, Little 1
Attack: Great 6, Medium 4, Little 3
Experience: Great 4, Medium 2, Little 1
Drop: 0-1 Magma Cream
Spawn: Nether
Extra: It is one of the few mobs that don't have fall damages
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Life: 8 Points
Attack: 1
Experience: 5 Points
Drop: Nothing
Spawn: After having breaked a Monster Egg in a block
Extra: They don't stop running
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Life: 20 Points
Attack: Bow = Easy 2, Normal 3, Hard 4/ Sword = Easy 2, Normal 2, Hard 3
Experience: 5 Points
Drop: 0-2 Bone , 0-2 Arrow , equipped objects [ Bow, Sword, Armors]
Spawn: Light Power 7 or less
Extra: One skeleton may spawn in Nether
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Life: Great 16, Medium 4, Little 1
Attack: Great 4, Medium 2, Little 0
Experience: Great 4, Medium 2, Little 1
Drop: 0-2 Slimeball
Spawn: Below ground level 40
Extra: The little Slimes has the lowest HP in the game
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Life: 16 Points
Attack: Easy 2, Normal 2, Hard 3
Experience: 5 Points
Drop: 0-1 Cob Web , 0-1 Spider Eye
Spawn: With 7 or less light power in a 3x3x2 space, them are Neutral during the morning
Extra: Their color was brown, initially
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Life: 26 Points
Attack: Potion Attacks
Experience: 5 Points
Drop: 0-6 Glass Bottle , 0-6 Glowstone, 0-6 Red Stone , 0-6 Sugar , 0-6 Stick , Potions
Spawn: Witch House, hit a Villager with a thunder
Extra: Them has the highest drop rate in the game
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Life: 20 Points
Attack: [ Easy 5, Normal 9 , Hard 13 ] + Poison
Experience: 5 Points
Drop: 0-2 Coal , 0-2 Bone
Spawn: Nether Fortress
Extra: A skeleton with the bow has the Fire enchant
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Life: 20 Points + 2 Armor
Attack: Easy 3, Normal 4, Hard 6
Experience: 5 Points
Drop: 0-2 Rotten Flesh, Carrot, Potato, Iron Ingot ; rarely Iron weapons and armors
Spawn: With 7 or less light power in a 1x2 space
Extra: Zombie do not burn from sunlight if in the Soul Sand
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There are also some special mobs, that could be hardly considered in one of those categories due to special events.

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Life: 20 Points
Attack: 4 points
Pet: Bone
Spawn: In Forest and Taiga
Extra: If you change the nickname, he'll not follow you
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Life: 10 Points
Attack: No
Pet: Raw Fish
Spawn: Jungle from 63 or higher ground level
Extra: The black & white texture are from Jeb's cat
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Life: 15 to 30 Points
Attack: No
Pet: Mounting on it
Spawn: Plain & Savana
Extra: There are 35 Horse Species, + 2 [ Zombie & Skeleton]
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Life: 4 Points
Attack: 0 [ 3 against Blaze, 1 against Ender Dragon]
Experience: 0
Drop: 0-15 Snowball
Spawn: 2 blocks and 1 pumpkin
Extra: Snow Golem receive damages from water and nether
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Life: 100 Points
Attack: from 7 to 21
Experience: 0
Drop: 0-5 Iron Ingots, 0-2 Poppy
Spawn: 3 Iron blocks as T form, 1 Pumpkin as head
Extra: Iron Golems gift to Villagers some poppies that they craft
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Life: 200 Points
Attack: Easy 6, Normal 10, Hard 15
Experience: 12.000 Points
Drop: Ender Dragon Egg
Spawn: End
Extra: It can fly 10 times faster than a player
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Life: 300 Points + 4 Armor
Attack: Easy 5, Normal 8+ Poison 4, Hard 12+ Poison 5
Experience: 50 Points
Drop: Nether Star
Spawn: Soul Sand at T form and 3 Whither Skulls
Extra: Wither will attack the Iron Golem first, is there is one